UKSSSC- Railway Engineering

 

INTRODUCTION

Railway is an median of transportation. It may be on the ground and beneath the ground or underground. Railway is the fastest ground way of transportation for long distances. The history of Indian Railways dates back to over many years ago. On 16th April 1853, the first passenger train ran between Bori Bunder (Bombay) and Thane, a distance of 34 km. Rails are used for various purposes of transportation such as passengers, oil&gas, coal. It is also beneficial in aspects of economy support and huge number of passengers carry at a single time. Here I'll discussed/focused only that topics who are important as aspects of UKSSSC JE.

Keys of subject

♀ Tracks and their types

♀ Gauge and their types

♀ Rail and their types

♀ Sleepers

♀ Chairs & Spike

♀ Fish plate

♀ Blast

◆Tracks-  Tract is that in which train can moved on one place to another place. The factor effecting the tract are, Ballast cushion, degree of curvature, design track speed, maximums permissible speed and weight of rail section. On the bases of importance of route, traffic carried and maximum speed, the tracts are classified into three categories-

● Trunk Route

● Main Line

● Branch Line

♂ Trunk Route- Routes are classified under the gauge of rails, are given below-

♂ Main Line- Routes are classified under the gauge of rails, are given below-

♂ Branch Line- Routes are classified under the gauge of rails, are given below-

◆ Gauge- gauge is required for mentaining the proper distance between two rails with or without the helps of chairs and spike. three types of gauge used in railway across the world. These are classifieds under the gauge length of various class are-

● Broad gauge

● Meter gauge

● Narrow gauge

♂ Broad gauge- It is the standard gauge of indian railway. Used for high traffic and plain areas. The gauge distance is 1.676m or approx (5'-6")

♂ Meter gauge- this types of gauge is used where traffic density is medium and likely to increase. The gauge distance is 1m or approx (3'-6")

♂ Narrow gauge- used where the traffic density is low. Specially recommend in hill areas. The gauge distance is 0.762m to 0.610m or approx (2'-6" to 2'-0")

👉 Wheel Diameter = 0.75×gauge

👉 Speed of train is directly proportional to gauge.

👉 Coning of wheel- outer slope of 1in20 to the treads of wheels of rolling stock.

👉 Tilting of rail- inner slope of 1in20 to the treads of wheels of rolling stock.

◆ Rail section:- rail is an medium to providing movement of trains. Modern track typically uses hot-rolled steel with a profile of an asymmetrical rounded I-beam. Unlike some other uses of iron and steel, railway rails are subject to very high stresses and have to be made of very high-quality steel alloy. According to their uses the rails are classified into three categories-

● Double Headed

● Bull Headed

● Flat Footed

♂ Double headed rails- this is made by wrough iron and length of double headed rails are 610 cm to 730 cm. Double headed rail is not used in indian railway. Chairs and spike are used to hold the double headed rail in position.

All dimensions in mm

♂ Bull headed rails- It is commonly used in indian railway. Generally used in constructing points and crossing. Chairs and spike are used to hold the bull headed rail in position.

♂ Flat Footed rails- this rail is invented by charles vignoles in 1836, therefore also known as Vignoles rails. It is commonly used in indian railway. It is easy to replace and no chairs required to hold the rail in position.

◆ Sleepers- Sleeper is provided under the rail section. Sleeper required for smooth surfacing of rails and also hold the rails in proper position. In indain railway various types of sleepers are used-

1-Wooden Sleeper- the life of wooden sleepers are 10 to 12 years.

2- Steel Sleeper- the life of steel sleepers are 20 to 30 year.

3- Concrete Sleeper- the life of concrete sleepers are 20 to 30 years also.

4- Cast Iron Sleepers- the life of cost iron sleeper is 35 to 50 years.

The various size of sleepers used according to gauge are-

♂ Broad gauge- 275cm×25cm×13cm

♂ Meter gauge- 180cm×20cm×11.5cm

♂ Narrow gauge- 150cm×18cm×11.5cm

◆ Chairs & Spikes- Chair and spike are used to holding the position of rail in fixed above the sleeper. Spike is required to fixed the rail to the wooden sleepers. Spike can be used with or without bearing plate below the rails.

👉 Bearing plate is used under the rail if the traffic density is high.

◆ Fish plate:- the process of joining of two rails is called fastening. When two rails are joint with each other web to web, the joining process is completed by fish plate. Minimum 4 fish plate required to joining of two rails. Fish plate made up by 20 mm thick high carbon steel. The length of each fish plate is 456mm and dia of hole is 32mm.

◆ Ballast- Ballast is provide as a hard bed for sleeper. The depth of ballast for broad and meter gauge are 25 cm below the sleeper. The depth of ballast in straight track is calculated by D = (S-B)/2. Where S= sleeper spacing, B= width of sleeper.

👉The minimum depth of ballast prescribed on Indian Railway is 20 mm

👉 Moorum is provide in ballast for softening or smoothening.